Thursday, July 23, 2015

Wilson's Creek Civil War Battlefield - Springfield, Missouri



DATE:  July 1, 2015

HISTORICAL SITE:  Wilson’s Creek Battlefield


LOCATION:  6424 W. Farm Rd 182, Republic, Greene Co., Missouri

MARKER #:  66000113

DEDICATED:  April 22, 1960 (Redesignated as a “national battlefield” on December 16, 1970)

PERSONAL REFLECTIONS: When going into Springfield for an appointment, Dirk suggested we go the WilsonCreek Civil War Battlefield and I was all for it. Dana and I had visited the Prairie Grove Battlefield in Arkansas and I loved it. That is, I loved it except for the weather. It was hot and humid, something this California girl is not used to.


You are first introduced to the National Park at the Visitors Center where there is a 30 minute film with battle re-enactments. The park itself is a 4.9 mile self-guided tour that has 8 stops in places that are considered significant to the battle.

We’re driving to the first stop when I suddenly stop the car. On the right side of the road is a turtle..about the size of a man’s hand. It’s hot and that pavement has to be uncomfortable…besides, a few more feet, he was moving from right to left…I think…and he’d be in the road and in danger of being run over. I "oh look" told Dirk about it and look at him. He’s like “do you want me to pick it up?”…I’m like “yeah, it’s going to get run over”. So Dirk gets out, picks it up and sets it in the grass. He then gets back into the car and tells me about a Missouri law that makes it unlawful to touch, pick up or generally mess with any wildlife. But I was happy and said, “but you saved his life”.

Missouri was a state with internal conflict during the Civil War. They elected to stay in the Union but declared themselves neutral and stated they would not send supplies or men to either Army. There were plenty of slave owners in Missouri and the government was often found to be harassing the Union Army. At one point, the Union demanded free rein through Missouri while the Governor said they must stay in the St. Louis area.

Soon the Armies of both the north and south were positioned to clash at this very point.

On August 10th, 1861, the Union attacked the Confederates and succeeded in claiming the high ground later called "Bloody Hill". Then the confederates rallied and attacked the Union line three times; killing both Union Generals. At the end of the 3rd attack, the Union soldiers, exhausted and lacking ammunition, withdrew to Springfield.

There were several houses in the area of this battle but one in particular; the “Ray” house, was spared because it was being used as a field hospital. That house sits on the grounds today; renovated back to its 1850’s look.
 
This was the first major civil war battle west of the Mississippi River and is also known as the Battle of Oak Hills. This battle went on for 5 grueling hours in what was described as a very hot and humid day.

I thought of that as I struggled to breath in the “wet” air…wanting to see everything yet yearning for the air conditioning of my car. It had already rained once. That’s what I have found about Missouri…it’s hot, it’s humid, and the sun is beating down on saturated air until you can’t stand it. It rains, everything and everyone breathes a sigh of relief as a kind of coolness comes over you…and then it starts anew.


Unfortunately, or fortunately, depending upon your choice of sides, the Confederate army was too disorganized and ill equipped to go after the Union army and it was this failure of the Confederates to exploit their victory here that probably kept Missouri in the Union.

On October 30, 1861, the Confederate Missourian government formally joined the Confederacy. The majority of the population never voted for succession and so the state remained in the Union.

After more skirmishes, and being unable to secure Missouri, the Missouri Guard moved to battles in Arkansas and Mississippi. That didn’t mean Missouri was quiet...just the opposite. With the organized Armies gone, guerrilla warfare between the sides kept the conflict going.

In the end, around 1,317 Union and 1,230 Confederates were either killed, wounded or captured at Wilson’s Creek.

The last stop on the tour is “Bloody Hill”, where the final routing took place. The view is spectacular and you can only imagine the carnage of an army racing up that hill. There are cannon’s placed at the top and Dirk places a hand on one of the cannons and says “cannons have a way of making a man feel virile”. I love that he makes me laugh…a lot.

P.S. It’s interesting after you visit one battlefield, how you start to see the connection of the sites and how the armies moved.

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